In a remarkable discovery that links ancient Egyptian burial traditions with Greek literature, archaeologists have uncovered a mummy carrying a passage from Iliad.

The find was made in Oxyrhynchus, near modern-day Al Bahnasa, about 200 kilometers south of Cairo. The mummy dates back around 1,600 years to Egypt’s Roman period.

Unlike previous discoveries in the area, where papyri typically contained ritual or protective texts, this is the first time a literary text has been found in a mummification context. Researchers identified the fragment as part of the “Catalogue of Ships” from Book II of the epic.

The discovery raises new questions. Traditionally, texts used in burials were meant to protect the deceased or guide them in the afterlife. However, the use of a literary work suggests a different, still unclear purpose.

Some experts believe the papyrus could have served as a kind of signature from the embalmer, while others think it may have had symbolic meaning. Further analysis is needed, especially since advanced imaging techniques have not yet been used.

The excavation also revealed multiple tombs containing mummies with gold foil placed on their tongues, along with burial jars holding cremated remains of humans and animals. These findings indicate that the individuals likely belonged to relatively wealthy families.

Overall, the discovery highlights a fascinating cultural overlap between Egyptian and Greco-Roman traditions, opening new doors for understanding ancient burial practices.